Biceps tenotomy involves cutting the long head of the biceps tendon to relieve pain and restore function, often in shoulder injuries. It’s a minimally invasive procedure with rapid recovery for many, but potential risks and alternatives should be considered. Understanding benefits, complications, and rehabilitation is key for informed decisions.
What is Biceps Tenotomy?
Biceps tenotomy is a surgical procedure where the long head of the biceps tendon is intentionally cut. This tendon runs from the biceps muscle in the upper arm into the shoulder joint. The procedure is typically done using arthroscopy, a minimally invasive technique that uses a small camera and instruments through tiny incisions.
The main goal is to relieve shoulder pain caused by tendon damage, partial tears, or chronic inflammation. By releasing the tendon, doctors can quickly reduce pain and restore shoulder function, especially when conservative treatments like physical therapy, medications, and rest fail.
Important Information Table
| Aspect | Details |
|---|---|
| Procedure Name | Biceps Tenotomy |
| Target Tendon | Long Head of Biceps |
| Common Indications | Tendon tears, shoulder impingement, rotator cuff disease |
| Type of Procedure | Minimally invasive (arthroscopic or open) |
| Main Benefits | Pain relief, increased motion, quick recovery |
| Main Risks | « Popeye » deformity, cramping, rare weakness |
| Typical Recovery | 2–6 weeks for daily activities |
Indications: Who Needs Biceps Tenotomy?
This procedure is considered for patients with persistent shoulder pain, especially related to the long head of the biceps tendon. Some people develop tendonitis (inflammation), partial tears, or degenerative changes, often alongside rotator cuff disorders or after shoulder injuries.
Tenotomy is also chosen for older adults with irreparable rotator cuff tears or when recovery from alternative surgeries would be prolonged. Sometimes, athletes or active individuals with specific types of tendon injuries are considered if repair or tenodesis is not possible or necessary.
- Failed non-surgical treatment (e.g. therapy, medications)
- Damage to the long head of the biceps seen on imaging or during surgery
- Patients prioritizing rapid recovery over minor cosmetic outcomes
Procedure Overview: How is Biceps Tenotomy Performed?
Biceps tenotomy is most commonly performed using shoulder arthroscopy. Under anesthesia, a surgeon makes small incisions (ports) around the shoulder to insert a camera and instruments. After visualizing the tendon, it is cleanly cut near its attachment point.
The cut tendon usually retracts and remains within the upper arm, and no sutures are generally required. The arthroscopic approach means less tissue damage and faster healing. Occasionally, the procedure is done